2021 医学物理实验(山东大学) 最新满分章节测试答案

本答案对应课程为:点我自动跳转查看
本课程起止时间为:2021-02-28到2021-06-30

绪论 Introduction 绪论测验 Introduction test

小提示:本节包含奇怪的同名章节内容

1、 问题:        的出现，使生命科学进入到分子水平。With the appearance of                  , life science has entered the molecular level.
选项：
A:X射线衍射技术 X-ray diffraction technique
B:望远镜 telescope
C:指南针 compass
D:电子显微镜 electron microscope
E:光学显微镜 optical microscope
答案: 【X射线衍射技术 X-ray diffraction technique】

2、 问题:以下说法错误的是：The following statement is wrong:
选项：
A:真值a是不可测得的，所以通常取算数平均值取代真值.The true value a is not measurable, so the true value is usually replaced by the arithmetic mean.
B:相对误差通常用残差除以x的平均值乘以百分之百来表示。The relative error is usually expressed as the average of the residuals divided by x multiplied by 100%.
C:算数平均值与真值的误差落在[-σ,σ ]范围内的概率为38.3%。The probability that the error between arithmetic mean and true value falls within the range of [-σ,σ ], is 38.3% .
D:有效数字的运算中，284.6-21.3542的结果取为263.2In the calculation of significant numbers, the result of 284.6-21.3542 is 263.2.
答案: 【算数平均值与真值的误差落在[-σ,σ ]范围内的概率为38.3%。The probability that the error between arithmetic mean and true value falls within the range of [-σ,σ ], is 38.3% .】

3、 问题:以下说法正确的选项是：The correct choice is as follows，
选项：
A:绝对误差一般保留一位有效数字.The absolute error generally retains one significant digit.
B:测量误差的有效位数的修约原则是：五下舍，五上入，逢五凑偶。The principle of rounding off the significant digits of measurement error is,Give up less than five, Carry over 5, It’s exactly five, making the first bit even.
C:加减法运算结果的非准确位与参与运算的所有数字中非准确位数值最小者相同.The result of addition and subtraction is the same as the least of all the digits involved in the operation.
D:乘除法运算结果的位数与所有参与运算的数字中有效数字位数最多的相同.The number of digits in the result of multiplication and division is the same as that of all the digits involved in the operation.
答案: 【绝对误差一般保留一位有效数字.The absolute error generally retains one significant digit.】

4、 问题:已知X=(98.7±0.3)cm，Y=(16.238±0.006)cm，Z=(24.36±0.08)cm，求N=X+Y+ZGiven that X=(98.7±0.3)cm，Y=(16.238±0.006)cm，Z=(24.36±0.08)cm，Find N=X+Y+Z
选项：
A:N=(119.3 ± 0.4) (cm)
B:N=(139.3 ± 0.4) (cm)
C:N=(119.3 ± 0.3) (cm)
D:N=(139.3 ± 0.5) (cm)
答案: 【N=(139.3 ± 0.4) (cm)】

5、 问题:立方体的长L=(22.455±0.002)mm，高 H=(90.35±0.03)mm，宽 B=(279.68±0.05)mm ，则立方体体积V表示为：If the length of the cube L = (22.455 ± 0.002) mm, H = (90.35 ± 0.03) mm, and width B = (279.68 ± 0.05) mm, then the volume V of the cube is expressed as follows,
选项：
A:567417.37104^3
B:(5674±3)×10^2 mm^3 
C:(5674±5)×10^2 mm^3 
D:567400±300 mm^3 
E:567400±500 mm^3 
答案: 【(5674±3)×10^2 mm^3 】

6、 问题:      的显像结果可在分子水平上反映人体是否存在生理或病理变化.The results of                 imaging can reflect whether there are physiological or pathological changes in human body at the molecular level.
选项：
A:X-CT
B:PET
C:红外成像 infrared imaging
D:负电子计算机CT成像Negative electron computer CT imaging
答案: 【PET】

7、 问题:以下说法正确的是：The following is true:
选项：
A:现代生物学研究的最终目的是以物理学和化学解释生物学.The ultimate goal of modern biological research is to explain biology by physics and chemistry.
B:医学物理学是物理学的重要分支学科.Medical physics is an important branch of physics.
C:随着现代物理学迅速发展，医学已从宏观形态进入微观机制研究，从细胞水平上升到分子水平研究.With the rapid development of modern physics, medicine has entered the research of micro mechanism from macro morphology, from cell level to molecular level
D:目前微电子学和电子计算机技术为标志的科学技术革命，从根本上讲来源于20世纪初物理学的原子结构理论、相对论、电动力学三大成就.At present, the scientific and technological revolution marked by microelectronics and electronic computer technology originates from three achievements of physics in the early 20th century, namely, atomic structure theory, relativity theory and electrodynamics
E:没有物理学技术的发展，医学研究的深入几乎是不可能的。Without the development of physical technology, it is almost impossible for medical research to go deep.
答案: 【现代生物学研究的最终目的是以物理学和化学解释生物学.The ultimate goal of modern biological research is to explain biology by physics and chemistry.;
医学物理学是物理学的重要分支学科.Medical physics is an important branch of physics.;
随着现代物理学迅速发展，医学已从宏观形态进入微观机制研究，从细胞水平上升到分子水平研究.With the rapid development of modern physics, medicine has entered the research of micro mechanism from macro morphology, from cell level to molecular level;
没有物理学技术的发展，医学研究的深入几乎是不可能的。Without the development of physical technology, it is almost impossible for medical research to go deep.】

8、 问题:精密度是与“真值”之间的一致程度，是系统误差与随机误差的综合。Precision is the degree of consistency with "true value", and is the synthesis of systematic error and random error.
选项：
A:正确
B:错误
答案: 【错误】

9、 问题:ln15.6的结果取为3.75 The result of ln15.6 is 3.75
选项：
A:正确
B:错误
答案: 【错误】

10、 问题:物理仿真实验通过计算机把实验设备、教学内容、教师指导和学生的操作有机地融合为一体，通过对实验环境的模拟，加强学生对实验的物理思想和方法、仪器的结构及原理的理解，并加强对仪器功能和使用方法的训练，培养设计思考能力和比较判断能力，实现了培养动手能力，学习实验技能，深化物理知识的目的。Physical simulation experiment organically integrates experimental equipment, teaching content, teacher’s guidance and students’ operation through computer. Through the simulation of experimental environment, students’ understanding of the physical thought and method of experiment, the structure and principle of instrument, the training of instrument function and use method are strengthened, and the ability of design thinking and comparative judgment is cultivated. The purpose of training practical ability, learning experimental skills and deepening physical knowledge is realized.
选项：
A:正确
B:错误
答案: 【正确】

11、 问题:科普知识涵盖了科学领域的各个方面，无论是物理、化学、生物各个学科，还是日常生活无不涉及到科普知识。Popular science knowledge covers all aspects of science, whether physics, chemistry, biology, or daily life.
选项：
A:正确
B:错误
答案: 【正确】

12、 问题:以下说法错误的是：The following statement is wrong:
选项：
A:真值a是不可测得的，所以通常取算数平均值取代真值.The true value a is not measurable, so the true value is usually replaced by the arithmetic mean.
B:相对误差通常用残差除以x的平均值乘以百分之百来表示。The relative error is usually expressed as the average of the residuals divided by x multiplied by 100%.
C:算数平均值与真值的误差落在[-σ,σ ]范围内的概率为38.3%。
The probability that the error between arithmetic mean and true value falls within the range of [-σ,σ ], is 38.3% .

D:有效数字的运算中，284.6-21.3542的结果取为263.2In the calculation of significant numbers, the result of 284.6-21.3542 is 263.2.

答案: 【算数平均值与真值的误差落在[-σ,σ ]范围内的概率为38.3%。
The probability that the error between arithmetic mean and true value falls within the range of [-σ,σ ], is 38.3% .
】

【作业】绪论 Introduction 第一次作业 First assignment

1、 问题:   一个串联电路，五次测得通过电阻R 的电流Ii 分别为0.212A，0.214A，0.208A，0.212A，0.211A，同时测得电阻两端相应电压降Ui分别为42.22V，42.18V，42.20V，42.24V，42.28V。求：（1）求出每次测得的电阻值。（2）根据上述结果求电阻的平均值及其绝对误差、相对误差，并写出测量结果。     For a series circuit, the current Ii through the resistance R measured five times is 0.212A, 0.214A, 0.208A, 0.212A, 0.211A. At the same time, the corresponding voltage drop Ui at both ends of the resistance is 42.22V, 42.18V, 42.20V, 42.24V, 42.28V.Request: (1) get the resistance value measured each time.(2) According to the above results, request the average value of resistance and its absolute error and relative error, and write down the measurement results.
评分规则: 【 （1）每次测得的电阻值分别为：199W，197W，203W，199W，200W。（2）则电阻的平均值为：200W。绝对误差为：1W       相对误差为：0.5%则结果表示为：R=(200±1) W,     E=0.5% 最后俩结果正确即满分100分。结果不完全正确，则每个结果10分(1) The measured resistances are 199W, 197W, 203W, 199W and 200W.(2) The average value of resistance is 200WThe absolute error is 1 W，The relative error is 0.5%，The results are as follows:R=(200±1) W,  E=0.5%。The final two results are correct, that is, the full score is 100.If the result is not completely correct, then each result has 10 points.
】

实验一 物体的基本测量 Basic length measurement 实验一 物体的基本测量 Test 1 Basic length measurement

1、 问题:螺旋测微器可以精确测量到：The screw micrometer can accurately measure,
选项：
A:0.01mm
B:0.001mm
C:0.1mm
D:1mm
答案: 【0.01mm】

2、 问题:50分度的游标卡尺，其最小读数值为The minimum reading value of vernier caliper with 50 divisions is
选项：
A:0.05mm
B:0.02mm
C:0.50mm
D:0.20mm
答案: 【0.02mm】

3、 问题:以下说法错误的选项是：The wrong choice is，
选项：
A:使用游标卡尺时，要先观察游标的分度，确定其精密度。When using the vernier caliper, the division of the vernier should be observed first to determine its precision.
B:使用游标卡尺和螺旋测微计时，必须进行零点读数，注意其正负符号。When using vernier caliper and screw micrometer, zero point reading must be carried out, and its positive and negative signs must be noted.
C:螺旋测微计使用完毕后，应使螺旋测微计的螺旋杆A和固定测量钳口E之间接触后固定，防止因螺旋杆移动而损坏其精密度。同理，游标卡尺的测量钳口AA＇也要接触后固定。After the screw micrometer is used, the screw rod a of the screw micrometer and the fixed measuring jaw e shall be fixed after contacting to prevent the precision of the screw micrometer from being damaged due to the movement of the screw rod. Similarly, the measuring jaw AA ‘of vernier caliper should be fixed after contacting.
D:使用螺旋测微计时，旋转小旋柄B，当听到“咔咔”声响时，不应继续旋转。此时表示测量钳口已经密接或者测量钳口已经与待测元件密接，如果继续旋转旋柄将损坏螺旋测微计的准确度。When the screw micrometer is used, rotate the small handle B. when the "click" sound is heard, the rotation should not continue. At this time, it means that the measuring jaw has been closed or the measuring jaw has been tightly connected with the element to be measured. If the rotary handle is continued to be rotated, the accuracy of the micrometer will be damaged.
答案: 【螺旋测微计使用完毕后，应使螺旋测微计的螺旋杆A和固定测量钳口E之间接触后固定，防止因螺旋杆移动而损坏其精密度。同理，游标卡尺的测量钳口AA＇也要接触后固定。After the screw micrometer is used, the screw rod a of the screw micrometer and the fixed measuring jaw e shall be fixed after contacting to prevent the precision of the screw micrometer from being damaged due to the movement of the screw rod. Similarly, the measuring jaw AA ‘of vernier caliper should be fixed after contacting.】

4、 问题:游标卡尺是由主尺与游标两部分组成的。主尺最小分格常为1 mm，游标上的分格通常取与主尺的M-1分格相当的长度分为M等分。若主尺上每一分格长度为 y mm，游标每一分格长度为 x mm, 那么y-x=The vernier caliper is composed of the main ruler and the vernier. The minimum division of the main ruler is usually 1 mm, and the partition on the cursor is usually equal to the length of the M-1 grid of the main ruler, which is divided into M-equal divisions. If the length of each division on the ruler is y mm and that of the cursor is x mm, then y-x=
选项：
A:y/M
B:y/(M-1)
C:x/M
D:x/(M-1)
答案: 【y/M】

5、 问题:游标读数为：The cursor reading is
选项：
A:21.48mm
B:21.44mm
C:21.54mm
D:21.49mm
答案: 【21.48mm】

6、 问题:使用20分度的游标卡尺时，能够读取的毫米部分的最小单位为0.02mm。When using a vernier caliper with 20 divisions, the minimum unit that can read the millimeter part is 0.02mm.
选项：
A:正确
B:错误
答案: 【错误】

7、 问题:分光计的游标为30分度，则主尺和游标每小格之差为2’。If the vernier of the spectrometer is 30 degrees, the difference between the main ruler and the vernier is 2 ‘.
选项：
A:正确
B:错误
答案: 【错误】

8、 问题:测量尺面读数：松开制动螺杆，转动微分筒C，将待测物件正确放置于E与A之间，然后转动微分筒C，当E与A的端面将要与待测物件接触时，旋转小旋柄B，当听到“咔咔”响时（两端正好与物体接触），记下读数。Measuring scale surface reading: loosen the brake screw, rotate the differential cylinder C, correctly place the object to be measured between E and A, and then turn the differential cylinder C. when the end faces of E and A are about to contact with the object to be measured, rotate the small rotary handle B. when the "click" sound is heard (both ends are just in contact with the object), record the reading.
选项：
A:正确
B:错误
答案: 【错误】

9、 问题:螺旋测微计的零点读数A0可正可负，当微分筒上的零刻度线在主尺读数基准线之下时A0为负值，反之为正值。The zero point reading A0 of the screw micrometer can be positive or negative. When the zero scale line on the differential cylinder is below the reading reference line of the main ruler, A0 is a negative value, otherwise it is a positive value.
选项：
A:正确
B:错误
答案: 【错误】

实验二 用拉脱法测定液体表面张力系数 Determination of liquid surface tension coefficient by pull off method 实验二 用拉脱法测定

1、 问题:关于零点读数，以下说法正确的是：For zero readings, what is the correct statement of the following options?
选项：
A:零点读数的位置是固定的The position of the zero reading is fixed
B:在每次测量的过程中，零点读数的位置可以移动During each measurement, the position of the zero reading can be moved
C:零点读数的位置可以根据测量情况调整，其位置可以改变The position of zero point reading can be adjusted according to the measurement situation, and its position can be changed
D:不挂金属框测量弹簧的倔强系数时的零点读数，与挂上金属框测量表面张力时的零点读数是一样的。The zero reading when measuring the spring’s stubborn coefficient without hanging the metal frame is the same as that when hanging the metal frame to measure the surface tension.
答案: 【零点读数的位置可以根据测量情况调整，其位置可以改变The position of zero point reading can be adjusted according to the measurement situation, and its position can be changed】

2、 问题:给定液体的表面上一段分界线的长度时L，其表面张力的大小和方向是？Given the length L of a dividing line on the surface of a liquid, what is the magnitude and direction of the surface tension?
选项：
A:表面张力与L成正比，力与L垂直且沿液面的切线方向The surface tension is proportional to L, and the force is perpendicular to L and along the tangent direction of the liquid surface