2020 20春-物理化学(二)(上)-Manuel-2(苏州大学) 最新满分章节测试答案

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本课程起止时间为:2020-02-23到2020-07-31
本篇答案更新状态:已完结

第一章 气体 第一章 单元测验

1、 问题:The above is a useful mnemonic ( easy to memorize) for the laws associated to the ideal gas equation. Which law states that “when the pressure on a sample of a dry gas is held constant, the absolute temperature and the volume will be in direct proportion”.
选项：
A:Avogadro’s Law;    
B:Gay-Lussac’s Law;
C:Charles’ Law;          
D:Boyle’s Law
答案: 【Charles’ Law;          】

2、 问题:Under which of the following sets of conditions does a real gas behave most like an ideal gas.
选项：
A:high pressure, small volume;
B:high temperature, low pressure;
C:low temperature, high pressure;
D:None the above
答案: 【high temperature, low pressure;】

3、 问题:In accordance to Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution, the “most probable rate” of gas molecules (vp) can be calculated by:
选项：
A:Equation 1;  
B:Equation 2;
C:Equation 3;
D:None the above
答案: 【Equation 1;  】

4、 问题:The observed Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution shift corresponds to  the following difference in temperatures.
选项：
A:T1>T2; 
B:T1<T2;
C:no related to T;  
D:I don’t understand the question
答案: 【T1<T2; 】

5、 问题:The distribution of speeds of oxygen molecules at 300 K is shown in the figure. The correct ordering for speed is:
选项：
A:u < va < vm
B:va < vm < u
C:vm < u < va
D: I don’t understand the question
答案: 【u < va < vm】

第二章 热力学第一定律 quiz-2

1、 问题:The type of thermodynamic system shown in the figure is:
选项：
A:isolated  system;
B:closed  system;
C:open  system;
D:a combination of systems
答案: 【open  system;】

2、 问题:Among     the     following     examples     of     quasi-static  processes  which  takes  place  at  constant  volume? 
选项：
A:adiabatic  process
B:isobaric  process
C:isochoric  process
D:isothermal  process
答案: 【isochoric  process】

3、 问题:In  accordance  with  the  above  figure,  work  (W)  done  by  a  system  is  a  state  function:  
选项：
A:True.  It  depends  on  the  initial  and  final  states  and  on  the  path.
B:True.  It  doesn’t  depend  on  the  initial  and  final  states  nor  on  the  path
C:False.  It  depends  on  the  initial  and  final  states  and  on  the  path.
D:False.  It  doesn’t  depend  on  the  initial  and  final  states  nor  on  the  path
答案: 【False.  It  depends  on  the  initial  and  final  states  and  on  the  path.】

4、 问题:Using  the ideal gas law, we can demonstrate Mayer’s relation:
选项：
A:Cp – Cv = nR 
B:Cp  Cv= nR
C:Cp + Cv = nR 
D:None the above
答案: 【Cp – Cv = nR 】

5、 问题:An   adiabat   depicts   the   variation  of pressure   with   volume   when   a  gas   expands adiabatically.   Note  that   pressure   declines   more  steeply   for   an   adiabat   than   it  does  for  an  isotherm  because:
选项：
A:temperature  is  constant
B:temperature    increases    in    the  adiabat
C:temperature   decreases   in   the  adiabat.
D:pressure  is  variable
答案: 【temperature   decreases   in   the  adiabat.】

第二章 热力学第一定律 quiz-3

1、 问题:The  label that better fits to the  process  indicated by  ❶  is:
选项：
A:Endothermic
B:Exothermic
C:Isothermic
D:Isochoric
答案: 【Endothermic】

2、 问题:This schematic makes sense if:
选项：
A:❶  is  solid  and  ❸  is  liquid
B:❶  is  gas  and  ❸  is  liquid
C:❶  is  gas  and  ❸  is  solid
D:❶  is  liquid  and  ❸  is  solid 
答案: 【❶  is  gas  and  ❸  is  liquid】

3、 问题:The enthalpy change offor mation for the above reaction in  kJmol-1 is:
选项：
A:-150  kJ mol-1 
B:+150  kJ mol-1 
C:+15  kJ mol-1 
D:-15  kJ mol-1 
答案: 【+15  kJ mol-1 】

4、 问题:Ionic solids tend to be very stable compounds. The enthalpies   of formation  of the ionic molecules cannot alone account  for this  stability.  These compounds have  an additional stability due  to the lattice energy of the solid structure. However, lattice  energy cannot be directly measured. The Born-Haber cycle allows us  to understand and determine  the lattice energies of ionic solids. The Born-Haber Cycle is essentially Hess’s Law applied to an ionic solid.  Hess’s Law states  that:
选项：
A:The dissociation of a compound   is always an endothermic  process. 
B:the heat of formation of a compound may be positive or negative
C:The overall change in energy of a  process  can be determined by breaking the process down into steps, then adding the changes in energy of each step.
D:Sublimation energy, the   energy   required to cause a change of phase from solid to gas, by passing the liquid phase. has  always a  positive  value 
答案: 【The overall change in energy of a  process  can be determined by breaking the process down into steps, then adding the changes in energy of each step.】

5、 问题:The Joule-Thomson coefficient (µJT)is a measure of  the change in temperature with  pressure during a constant enthalpy process. Mathematically  stated:All  real gases have an inversion point at which the value of µJT changes sign. For a gas   with a temperature below the inversion point, a positive value of µJT means that after expansion:
选项：
A:Gas temperature  increases
B:Gas temperature remains constant
C:Gas temperature decreases.
D:None  the above.
答案: 【Gas temperature decreases.】

第三章 热力学第二定律 quiz-4

1、 问题:At this point of our understanding, Gibbs free energy  is a thermodynamic potential that can be used to calculate the maximum of reversible work that may be performed by a thermodynamic system at:  
选项：
A:A constant  temperature and pressure.
B:A variable temperature   and pressure
C:A constant   temperature but variable  pressure 
D:All the above
答案: 【A constant  temperature and pressure.】

2、 问题:Helmholtz free energy is a thermodynamic potential that measures the useful work obtainable from a closed thermodynamic system at:
选项：
A:A constant temperature and pressure
B:A constant temperature and volume
C:A variable pressure and variable temperature
D:None the above
答案: 【A constant temperature and volume】

3、 问题:In accordance to Boltzmann, the change in entropy for a given process can be calculated usingHere,  Ω1 indicates:
选项：
A:The final number of microstates.
B:The initial number of  microstates.
C:The number of microstates in equilibrium.
D:The total number of microstates.
答案: 【The initial number of  microstates.】

4、 问题:If in the p-V plot the curves indicate isothermic processes  (T1 to T3), in the T-S plot, and for three different conditions, the curves indicate:  
选项：
A:Endothermic processes; 
B:Exothermic processes
C:Isobaric processes
D:Isochoric processes
答案: 【Isobaric processes】

5、 问题:From the definition of Helmholtz free energy (A) is not difficult to demonstrate that: dA  = -SdT  + pdV. The plot shows the temperature dependence of A for an isochoric process. What data can be calculated from this slope:
选项：
A:Entropy
B:Change of entropy
C:Enthalpy
D:Change of Enthalpy
答案: 【Entropy】

第三章 热力学第二定律 quiz-5

1、 问题:The fundamental equation is a combination of the First and Second Laws. It shows the change in internal energy that accompanies changes in the volume and entropy of a system.Why the following equation can be considered the fundamental equation of chemical thermodynamics?
选项：
A:Because G may be best regarded as a function of p and T.
B:Because p and T are usually the variables under our control in chemistry.
C:Because G combines the First and Second Laws in a convenient way for chemical applications.
D:All the above
答案: 【Because G combines the First and Second Laws in a convenient way for chemical applications.】

2、 问题:What is the meaning of the negative value in the above calculation?
选项：
A:It shows entropy is increased.
B:It shows the conversion of a liquid into a more disordered gases.
C:It shows the conversion of two gases into a more ordered liquid.
D:None the above
答案: 【It shows the conversion of two gases into a more ordered liquid.】

3、 问题:Nernst heat theorem allow us to:
选项：
A:Establish the Third Law of thermodynamics
B:Define absolute entropies of substances
C:Define the standard entropy of a reaction.
D:All the above
答案: 【All the above】